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Showing posts from August, 2019

9.2 Weather Hazards

Weather Hazards      I believe tornadoes are the most dangerous weather condition to handle aircraft operations in. During a tornado, the primary focus around airports is where to put the aircraft so that they are not lifted from the ground and completely destroyed. All planes are quickly put in hangars or evacuated from the airport if possible. The updrafts caused by tornadoes are certain death for any unlucky pilot who happens to be in the air within a certain radius of the storm. Tornadoes are complete disasters for every airport they plow through, like a hurricane, only tornadoes can affect airports from all over the US.      In order for a tornado to form, certain conditions must be present. They most commonly form during violent thunderstorms, because thunderstorms provide sufficient instability, and there is wind shear in the lower atmosphere. Earth's weather occurs in the troposphere, and tornadoes cause the wind in the troposphere to violen...

8.2 Air Traffic Control Entities

Tower Vs  Ground Control      During aircraft operations, the first 3 people a pilot talks to during a flight is the weather briefer, ground control, and tower. Ground control is a part of air traffic control, but they control the aircraft requesting taxi on the ground. Soon after landing and turning off the runway, the pilot holds short of the taxiway before switching radio frequencies to Ground Control. Everything after leaving the taxiway onto a runway and before turning off the runway is communicated with Tower.      Separating the two entities frees up radio space on the airport and provides more efficient separation by giving the controller only one area (ground or air) to focus on. Pilots must be in contact with ground control as soon as they cross the ATC line. This rule ensures that ATC is aware of every aircraft moving on the airport in high traffic areas. However, pilots do not have to be in contact with ATC while taxiing in hang...

7.2 The Airport and the Environment

                                                   The Airport and the Environment       One of the biggest and most common environmental concerns for airport managers is lighting and thunderstorms.  “ IATA  requires for safety reasons some or all handling operations to be suspended when lightning occurs at or near an aerodrome .” (  ICAO , AMOFSG/7SN No. 17) During a thunderstorm, ramps are shut down and often planes can be left on the tarmac for however long it takes for the storm to pass. This is called a tarmac delay. Tarmac delays hurt airlines by causing jets to sit and burn fuel for periods of time while planes may be boarded with passengers. If the plane is delayed long enough to cause frustration to passengers, airlines are often obligated to provide financial compensation to the passengers for the inconvenience. ...

6.2 Legislative Acts

                49 U.S. Code   § 40103. Sovereignty and use of airspace        The United States Government has exclusive sovereignty of all airspace within the USA. This law is important because it is designed to do a couple of important things like keeping aviation safe and secure for all airline travelers, reducing illegal immigration, and protecting our airspace from foreign and unauthorized penetration.         All US citizens have the right for transit through public airspace, but not all citizens have full operating rights within that airspace, for example, not just anyone is allowed to operate drones or airplanes in certain areas. Some spaces require Air Traffic Control authority for necessary operation. This law states the rights of citizens to utilize airspace while giving final authority to the US Government.          This law put away several theories US cit...